Njengoba umhlaba ulungiselela ukulahla amandla kaphethiloli kugesi, ake sibheke ngokushesha ezinye zezithuthuthu zikagesi ezihamba phambili emhlabeni.
Lokhu akunakugwenywa futhi akunakuhlehliswa.Akukho ukubuyela emuva.Ushintsho olusuka enjinini evuthayo lwangaphakathi luye kugesi ogcwele luqhubeka ngokushelela, futhi ijubane lokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri namamotho kagesi liye lakhula ngesivinini eminyakeni embalwa edlule.Izithuthuthu zikagesi manje sezifinyelele eqophelweni lapho maduze zizophenduka imakethe enkulu ehlukile kunemishini yendabuko.Kuze kube manje, izinkampani ezincane ezizimele zihola ekuthuthukisweni kwamasondo amabili kagesi, kodwa ngenxa yezinsiza ezilinganiselwe, azikwazanga ukukhuphuka ngezinga elikhulu.Nokho, konke lokhu kuzoshintsha.
Ngokombiko oningiliziwe wocwaningo lwemakethe osanda kukhishwa yi-P&S Intelligence, imakethe yezithuthuthu zikagesi emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule isuka cishe ku-US $ 5.9 billion ngo-2019 iye ku-US $ 10.53 billion ngo-2025. Ngokuthuthukisa izimoto zikagesi, abakhiqizi abakhulu bagcina besamukele isidingo sokushintshela kugesi. izimoto futhi waqala ukulungiselela izinguquko ezinkulu ezizayo.NgoMashi walo nyaka, i-Honda, Yamaha, Piaggio, ne-KTM yamemezela ukusungulwa ngokuhlanganyela komfelandawonye webhethri ongashintshwa.Umgomo oshiwo uwukumisa izicaciso zobuchwepheshe zesistimu yebhethri eshintshwayo yamasondo amabili kagesi, okulindeleke ukuthi kuncishiswe izindleko zokuthuthukiswa, ukuxazulula izinkinga zempilo yebhethri nesikhathi sokushaja, futhi ekugcineni kukhuthaze ukwamukelwa okubanzi kwamabhayisikili kagesi.
Eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, ukuthuthukiswa kwezithuthuthu zikagesi nezithuthuthu kuye kwathuthukiswa ezifundeni ezahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene, ngokuhambisana nemithetho yendawo kanye nezidingo.Isibonelo, eNdiya, ama-scooters kagesi ashibhile, athengwe eShayina, asezingeni eliphansi aye asetshenziswa eminyakeni engaphezu kweyishumi edlule.Banobubanzi obuncane bokuhamba kanye nokusebenza kabi.Manje isimo sesingcono.Abanye abakhiqizi bemishini yoqobo basekhaya banikeze ikhwalithi engcono yokukhiqiza, amabhethri amakhulu namamotho kagesi anamandla kakhulu.Uma kucatshangelwa izinselelo ezilinganiselwe kakhulu zengqalasizinda yokushaja lapha, ububanzi nokusebenza okunikezwa yile mishini kusabiza kakhulu (uma kuqhathaniswa nezithuthuthu zendabuko) futhi akufanelekile ngokuphelele kuwo wonke umuntu.Nokho, kufanele uqale ndawana thize.Izinkampani ezifana ne-Tata Power, EESL, Magenta, Fortum, TecSo, Volttic, NTPC kanye ne-Ather zisebenza kanzima ukwakha nokwandisa ingqalasizinda yokushaja izimoto zikagesi e-India.
Emakethe yaseNtshonalanga, abaningi babo basungule inethiwekhi eqinile yokushaja, futhi izithuthuthu zingezemisebenzi yokuzilibazisa kunokuthutha ukuya emsebenzini.Ngakho-ke, ukugxila bekulokhu kusitayela, amandla kanye nokusebenza.Amanye amabhayisikili kagesi e-United States naseYurophu manje asezinhle impela, anemininingwane efana nemishini evamile, ikakhulukazi uma intengo nayo icatshangwa.Okwamanje, injini kaphethiloli GSX-R1000, ZX-10R noma Fireblade namanje engenakuqhathaniswa mayelana inhlanganisela ephelele uhla, amandla, ukusebenza, intengo nokusebenza, kodwa kulindeleke ukuthi isimo sishintshe eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu ezayo. .Ukusebenza kudlula ezandulela izinjini ze-IC.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ake sibheke ngokushesha ezinye zezithuthuthu zikagesi ezihamba phambili okwamanje emakethe yomhlaba.
Imodeli yezinga lokungena yochungechunge lwamabhayisikili ezemidlalo kagesi i-Damon Hypersport, eyethulwa e-CES e-Las Vegas ngonyaka odlule, iqala ku-US$16,995 (Rs 1.23.6 million), kanti imodeli esezingeni eliphezulu ingafinyelela ku-US$39,995 ( Amarandi angu-2.91 lakh).Isistimu yamandla kagesi ye-“HyperDrive” ye-top Hypersport Premier ifakwe ibhethri elingu-20kWh kanye nenjini epholile enguketshezi ekwazi ukukhiqiza u-150kW (200bhp) kanye ne-torque engu-235Nm.Leli bhayisikili liyakwazi ukusuka ku-zero liye ku-100 km/h ngemizuzwana engaphansi kwemithathu, kanti libanga isivinini esingu-320 km/h, okuyinto eshaqisayo ngempela uma kuyiqiniso.Ngokusebenzisa ishaja esheshayo ye-DC, ibhethri le-Hypersport lingashajwa ngokugcwele u-90% emahoreni angu-2.5 nje kuphela, futhi ibhethri eligcwele amandla lingahamba amakhilomitha angu-320 edolobheni elixubile nothelawayeka.
Yize amanye amabhayisikili kagesi ebukeka exakile futhi exakile, umzimba we-Damon Hypersport uqoshwe kahle ngengalo yerocker ehlangothini olulodwa, ekhumbuza kancane i-Ducati Panigale V4.NjengoPanigale, iHypersport inesakhiwo esine-monocoque, i-Ohlins suspension kanye namabhuleki eBrembo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivayisi kagesi iyingxenye ehlanganisiwe ethwala imithwalo yohlaka, esiza ukwandisa ukuqina nokwandisa ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo.Ngokungafani namabhayisikili endabuko, umshini we-Damon wamukela i-ergonomic design eguquguqukayo kagesi (amaphedali nezibambo ezisetshenziswa emadolobheni nemigwaqo emikhulu zitholakala ngokuhlukile), uhlelo lokucabanga lokubikezela lwe-360-degree lisebenzisa amakhamera angaphambili nangemuva, kanye nerada yekhamera ekude ukuxwayisa abagibeli ngezingozi ezingaba khona. Isimo sethrafikhi esiyingozi.Eqinisweni, ngosizo lobuchwepheshe bekhamera ne-radar, i-Damon ese-Vancouver ihlela ukufeza ukugwema ukushayisana okuphelele ngo-2030, okuyinto encomekayo.
IHonda yinkampani enohlelo olukhulu lwezimoto zikagesi eChina.Iveze ukuthi i-Energica ikomkhulu e-Modena, e-Italy, futhi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kanye nokuphindaphinda, amabhayisikili kagesi e-Ego atholakale iminyaka eyisikhombisa noma eyisishiyagalombili, futhi athuthukisa njalo ukucaciswa nokusebenza.Ukucaciswa kuka-2021 kwe-Ego+ RS kufakwe ibhethri le-lithium polymer elingu-21.5kWh, elingashajwa ngokugcwele lingakapheli ihora elingu-1 kusetshenziswa ishaja esheshayo ye-DC.Ibhethri linika amandla uzibuthe webhayisikili oyi-AC motor, okwazi ukukhiqiza u-107kW (145bhp) kanye ne-torque engu-215Nm, okuvumela i-Ego+ ukuthi ihambe ngesivinini isuka ku-zero iye ku-100kph ngemizuzwana engu-2.6 futhi ifinyelele isivinini esikhulu esingu-240kph.Ezimoto zasemadolobheni, ibanga lingamakhilomitha angama-400, kanti emigwaqweni emikhulu lingamakhilomitha angama-180.
I-Ego+ RS ifakwe i-tubular steel trellis, imfoloko ye-Marzocchi elungiseka ngokuphelele ngaphambili, i-Bitubo monoshock ngemuva, kanye namabhuleki e-Brembo ane-ABS eshintshwayo esuka e-Bosch.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamaleveli angu-6 okulawula ukudonsa, i-cruise control, i-Bluetooth ne-smartphone yokuxhumana, kanye nephaneli yensimbi enemibala ye-TFT enesamukeli se-GPS esididiyelwe.I-Energica inkampani yeqiniso yase-Italy eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi i-Ego+ iyisithuthuthu esifanelekayo esisebenza kahle kakhulu esenza ukuthi sinikwe amandla yinjini kagesi esikhundleni se-V4 enesivinini esikhulu.Intengo ingama-euro angu-25,894 (ama-rupee angu-2,291,000), futhi ibiza kakhulu, futhi ngokungafani ne-Harley LiveWire, ayinayo inethiwekhi yomthengisi ebanzi yokusekela ukuthengisa ngemva kokuthengisa nezinsizakalo.Noma kunjalo, i-Energica Ego+RS ngokungangabazeki iwumkhiqizo onokusebenza okuhlanzekile kukagesi kanye nesitayela samabhayisikili ezemidlalo sase-Italy esingayekethisi.
I-Zero inekomkhulu eCalifornia futhi yasungulwa ngo-2006 futhi ibikhiqiza izithuthuthu zikagesi iminyaka eyishumi edlule.Ngo-2021, inkampani yethula i-top-of-the-line SR/S enikwa amandla uhlelo lwamandla kagesi lwe-Zeroo “Z-Force”, futhi yamukela i-chassis engasindi futhi eqinile eyenziwe nge-aviation-grade aluminium ukuze kwehliswe isisindo.Isithuthuthu sikagesi sokuqala sika-Zero esigcwele ngokugcwele i-SR/S siphinde sifakwe isistimu yokusebenza ye-Cypher III yenkampani, evumela umgibeli ukuthi alungiselele isistimu namandla okukhipha amandla ngokuya ngokuthanda kwakhe, ngaleyo ndlela simsize ukuthi alawule kangcono ibhayisikili.U-Zero uthe isisindo se-SR/S singama-234 kg, okugqugquzelwa ukwakhiwa kwe-aerospace futhi enezici ezithuthukisiwe ze-aerodynamic, ngaleyo ndlela kukhulisa amakhilomitha ebhayisikili.Intengo ilinganiselwa ku-22,000 US dollars (1.6 million rupees).I-SR/S inikwa amandla yizibuthe ezihlala njalo eyi-AC motor, ekwazi ukukhiqiza u-82kW (110bhp) kanye ne-torque engu-190Nm, okuvumela ibhayisikili ukuthi lisuke ku-zero liye ku-100km/h ngemizuzwana engu-3.3, futhi linesivinini esiphezulu Esifika emahoreni angu-200.Ungakwazi ukushayela amakhilomitha angaba ngu-260 endaweni yasemadolobheni kanye namakhilomitha angu-160 emgwaqeni omkhulu;njengebhayisikili elisebenza ngogesi wonke, ukunyathela i-accelerator kuzonciphisa amakhilomitha, ngakho isivinini siyisici esinqumayo ukuthi ungahamba ibanga elingakanani ngaphezu kweziro.
I-Zero ingenye yezinkampani ezimbalwa ezikhiqiza izithuthuthu zikagesi ezihlukahlukene, ezinikeza amazinga ahlukene wamandla nokusebenza.Amabhayisikili asezingeni lokungena aqala phansi afika ku-US$9,200 (Rs 669,000), kodwa asabiza kakhulu.Izinga lekhwalithi yokwakha.Uma esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, kunomkhiqizi wamabhayisikili kagesi ongangena ngempela emakethe yaseNdiya, kungenzeka libe nguziro.
Uma inhloso ye-Harley LiveWire kuwukuba isithuthuthu sikagesi esijwayelekile abantu abaningi abangasikhokhela, i-Arc Vector ikwelinye icala.Intengo yeVector ingu-90,000 pounds (9.273 million rupees), izindleko zayo zingaphezu kokuphindwe kane kweLiveWire, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwamanje kukhawulelwe kumayunithi angama-399.I-Arc yase-UK yethula iVector embukisweni we-EICMA eMilan ngo-2018, kodwa inkampani yabe isihlangabezana nezinkinga ezithile zezimali.Nokho, umsunguli wenkampani kanye no-CEO uMark Truman (owayehola ithimba le-Jaguar Land Rover le-“Skunk Factory” elibhekele ukudala imiqondo ethuthukisiwe yemoto yesikhathi esizayo) ukwazile ukusindisa i-Arc, futhi manje izinto sezibuyele endleleni.
I-Arc Vector ifanele amabhayisikili kagesi abizayo.Ithatha isakhiwo se-carbon fiber monocoque, esinganciphisa isisindo somshini sibe ngu-220 kg onengqondo.Ngaphambili, imfoloko yangaphambili yendabuko iye yashiywa, futhi isiteringi nengalo yokushwibeka yangaphambili egxile kuhabhu yamasondo isetshenziswe ukuthuthukisa ukugibela nokubamba.Lokhu, kuhambisana nesitayela esiqinile sebhayisikili kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ezibizayo (i-aerospace-grade aluminium kanye nemininingwane yethusi), kwenza iVector ibukeke iyinhle kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-chain drive inikeze indlela yesistimu yokushayela ibhande eliyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okushelelayo nokunciphisa umsebenzi wokulungisa.
Mayelana nokusebenza kahle, iVector inikwa amandla yinjini kagesi engu-399V, ekhiqiza amandla angu-99kW (133bhp) kanye ne-torque engu-148Nm.Ngalokhu, ibhayisikili lingakwazi ukusheshisa ukusuka ku-zero liye ku-100km/h ngemizuzwana engu-3.2 futhi lifinyelele ijubane eliphezulu elilinganiselwe ngogesi elingu-200km/h.Iphakethe lebhethri le-Vector elingu-16.8kWh Samsung lingashajwa ngokugcwele ngemizuzu engu-40 kuphela kusetshenziswa ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC futhi linebanga lokuhamba elingaba amakhilomitha angu-430.Njenganoma yisiphi isithuthuthu esisebenza ngophethiloli sesimanje esisebenza kahle kakhulu, iVector kagesi wonke ifakwe i-ABS, isilawuli esishintshwayo sokulawula ukudonsa kanye nezindlela zokugibela, kanye nesibonisi esiphakamisa ikhanda (sokufinyelela kalula olwazini lwemoto) kanye nocingo oluhlakaniphile- njengesistimu yokuxwayisa ethintekayo, iletha inkathi entsha yesipiliyoni sokugibela.Angilindele ukubona i-Arc Vector e-India noma nini maduze, kodwa leli bhayisikili liyasibonisa lokho esingakulindela eminyakeni emihlanu noma eyisithupha ezayo.
Njengamanje, indawo yesithuthuthu sikagesi eNdiya ayikhuthazi kakhulu.Ukungaqapheli amandla okusebenza kwamabhayisikili kagesi, ukuntuleka kwengqalasizinda eshajayo, nokukhathazeka kobubanzi ngezinye zezizathu zesidingo esiphansi.Ngenxa yesidingo esibuthakathaka, izinkampani ezimbalwa zizimisele ukutshala izimali ezinkulu ekuthuthukisweni, ekukhiqizeni nasekukhangiseni kwezithuthuthu zikagesi.Ngokocwaningo olwenziwe yi-ResearchandMarkets.com, imakethe yase-India yamasondo amabili kagesi ibilinganiselwa ku-150,000 izimoto ngonyaka odlule kanti kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngo-25% unyaka nonyaka eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.Njengamanje, imakethe ibuswa ama-scooters ashibhile namabhayisikili afakwe amabhethri e-lead-acid angabizi kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, kulindeleke ukuthi amabhayisikili abiza kakhulu azovela eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, afakwe amabhethri e-lithium-ion anamandla (ahlinzeka ngebanga elikhulu lokuhamba ngomkhumbi).
Abadlali abavelele emkhakheni webhayisikili/isikuta kagesi e-India bahlanganisa i-Bajaj, i-Hero Electric, i-TVS, i-Revolt, i-Tork Motors, i-Ather ne-Ultraviolette.Lezi zinkampani zikhiqiza uchungechunge lwezithuthuthu zikagesi nezithuthuthu ezinenani eliphakathi kwama-rupee angu-50,000 kuya ku-300,000, futhi zinikeza ukusebenza okuphansi kuya kwebanga elimaphakathi, okuthi kwezinye izimo kuqhathaniswe nezinga lokusebenza elinikezwa amabhayisikili endabuko angama-250-300cc.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwazi amandla esikhathi esizayo amasondo amabili kagesi angase awanikeze eNdiya esikhathini esizayo esimaphakathi, ezinye izinkampani nazo zifuna ukubamba iqhaza.I-Hero MotoCorp kulindeleke ukuthi iqale ukukhiqiza amabhayisikili kagesi ngo-2022, I-Mahindra's Classic Legends ingase ikhiqize amabhayisikili kagesi ngaphansi kwemikhiqizo ye-Jawa, Yezdi noma ye-BSA, kanti i-Honda, i-KTM ne-Husqvarna ingaba ezinye izimbangi ezifuna ukungena emkhakheni wamabhayisikili kagesi eNdiya, nakuba Asikho isimemezelo esisemthethweni mayelana nalokhu.
Nakuba i-Ultraviolette F77 (inenani lama-Rs 300,000) ibukeka yesimanje futhi inesitayela futhi inikeza ukusebenza kwezemidlalo okunengqondo, amanye amasondo amabili kagesi atholakala e-India asekelwe kuphela ekusebenzeni futhi awanakho isifiso sokusebenza okuphezulu.Lokhu kungase kushintshe eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, kodwa kusazobonakala ukuthi ubani ohola lo mkhuba nokuthi imakethe yamabhayisikili kagesi izoba kanjani eNdiya.